GACR President’s award for excellent research 2019

Five Principal Investigators of the top basic research projects received the GACR President’s Award 2019. In contrast to last year, when one female investigator was awarded, male investigators dominated this year’s award.

Zdeněk Sofer succeeded with a project investigating the application of ion beams for modifications of graphene-based structures. Jiří Bruthans examined the effect of gravity-induced stress on sandstone erosion. Marek Mráz’s project focused on studying the regulation of B cell receptor (BCR) signalling pathway by microRNAs. Laureate Václav Štětka analysed the role of social media in transformation of political communication and citizen participation in the Czech Republic. Another laureate, Robert Černý, focused on oro-pharyngeal interface during vertebrate primary mouth formation. The GACR presidium decided on the winners among dozens of different projects.

“Yet again, choosing the best projects has been extremely difficult this year. We face the challenge of selecting the best projects among dozens of projects every year. On the other hand, it is a good message on how brilliant scientists in our country are. Congratulations to award winners, their projects were indeed excellent,” Alice Valkárová, the GACR president, stated.

The GACR President’s Award was established in 2003. Since then, 69 awards have been given in response to the excellent results in carrying out basic research projects supported by GACR. This year’s five awarded projects were selected out of 448 projects that ended last year, based on proposals of the respective discipline committees. The GACR presidium decided on the final selection of projects for the GACR President’s Award this April.

The prize is awarded for excellent results in basic research projects that had been supported by GACR. The Principal Investigators of the chosen projects and their co-workers receive a financial reward. Every year, the award goes to four to five Principal Investigators, whose projects were completed in the previous year, received a nomination for the award and acquired excellent evaluation by expert advisory bodies.

Determination of chemical molecular structure, the chirality and the electronegativity of atom

doc. Ing. Pavel Jelínek, Ph.D.

Doc. Ing. Pavel Jelínek, Ph.D. from the Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences together with his team was able to differentiate chemical structure of molecules on the surface of solid substance. The scientist developed comprehensive physical mechanism theory of this scanning. The key for obtaining this sub-molecular contrast is the placement of one molecule (e.g. carbon monoxide) or atom at the end of the metallic probe. The presence of the flexible particle at the end of the probe causes the strengthening of the signal which then enables to achieve unprecedented resolution of the molecules. This new method also proved the validity of the equation of the Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling for the covalent bond from the 1930s.

Parrots and corvids are clever due to the extreme high number of neurons in their cerebrum

Mgr. Pavel Němec, Ph.D.

Project of Mgr. Pavel Něměc, Ph.D. from the Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague revealed the anatomical nature of bird intelligence and therefore solved the mystery why some birds are extremely intelligent although their brains are small. The research of Mgr. Pavel Němec, Ph.D. proved that small brains of birds contain substantial number of neurons. Despite the fact that the largest brains of Passeriformes weigh around 16 grams and the largest brains of parrots weigh about 25 grams, the brains contain equal number of neurones as primate brains which are significantly larger. This research proved that neither absolute nor relative size of the brain is a proper measure of cognitive abilities. It is rather dependent on the cellular composition and neural density. The results of the research were reported by the media worldwide.

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Mathematical methods used to fix blurred photographs

doc. Ing. Filip Šroubek, Ph.D., DSc

Project of doc. Ing. Filip Šroubek, Ph.D., DSc. from the Institute of Information Theory and Automation of the Czech Academy of Sciences was aimed at the blurred photographs. Doc. Ing. Filip Šroubek, Ph.D., DSc. and his team developed mathematical models which enable to refocus blurred digital photographs. The main step of this project was to precisely mathematically model the process of image scanning. It is possible to use this method in photography and other fields such as astronomy, ophthalmology or nuclear medicine. The results were published in 15 scientific journals and were presented at many prestigious foreign conferences.

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Hopeful results in the field of tumour cells and cytostatic agents brought project of Professor Blanka Říhová

Prof. RNDr. Blanka Říhová, DrSc.

Project of Prof. RNDr. Blanka Říhová, DrSc. from the Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences brought hopeful results in the field of tumour cells and cytostatic agents. The current advancement in chemotherapy is mainly aimed at the development of new types of cytostatic agents with lower toxicity which inhibit the creation of resistance. The resistance to particular cytostatic agent and multidrug resistance (MDR) is a frequent reason for the failure of chemotherapy. The project team brought new findings proving that the systems for medicaments transfer based on HPMA copolymer conjugates carrying cytostatic agents and P-gp inhibitors are capable to effectively overcome gained and natural multidrug resistance. The results were published in series of scientific journals in the Czech Republic and abroad.

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How to fight against prejudice? An example of relationship between participants of five nationalities in Central Europe

Mgr. Sylvie Graf, Ph.D. and doc. PhDr. Martina Hřebíčková, Dr., DSc.

Project which was carried out by Mgr. Sylvie Graf, Ph.D. and doc. PhDr. Martina Hřebíčková, Dr., DSc. from the Institute of Psychology of the Czech Academy of Sciences focused on the possible approaches to prejudice reduction. The scientists concentrated on relationships between participants from neighbouring nations in Central Europe. Based on the unique data from Central Europe, the two scientists have proven that negative experience has a relatively higher impact on increasing prejudice than positive experience on decreasing it. However, the positive experience occurs more frequently which then ultimately balances and reduces the higher impact of negativity on the prejudice. Outcomes of this project are presented in the monography “Czechs and their neighbours. Intergroup attitudes and contact in Central Europe.” and article in “European Journal of Social Psychology”.

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GACR as a founding member of CEUS – Central European Science Partnership

On Monday 17 June 2019, the top representatives of GACR, FWF (Austria), NCN (Poland), ARRS (Slovenia) signed the ‘’CEUS – Central European Science Partnership” Lead Agency Agreement: Memorandum of Understanding on the unilateral administration and mutual recognition of evaluation procedures”. This new collaboration will enable scientists from the Czech Republic, Austria, Poland and Slovenia to carry out scientific projects with new foreign partners based on the Lead Agency evaluation, which belongs to the most preferred forms of cooperation among foreign agencies supporting basic research in reducing administrative burdens. As part of the CEUS Initiative to support basic research in the Central European Region, researchers will now be able to submit bilateral and trilateral LA based project proposals.

Representatives of cooperating organizations; Photo by Klaus Ranger (www.klausranger.at)

GACR currently plans to announce the first call within this new initiative next year. At the end of June this year, The Research, Development and Innovation Council approved a new material enabling the agency to launch multilateral projects based on the Lead Agency principle. At this point, the material will be submitted to the Czech government for approval.

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GACR signed a Memorandum of Understanding with São Paulo Research Foundation of state São Paulo in Brazil

On 5 November 2018, GACR President signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). As a result of this agreement, Czech scientists have the opportunity to expand their basic research activities abroad. In case of this new cooperation, project proposals were submitted for the first time in 2019. This cooperation is based on bilateral level with project duration of three years.

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Meeting with the Deputy Minister for Science and Technology from Taiwan

On Monday 15 October 2018, GACR President Dr. Alice Valkárová met with the Deputy Minister of Science and Technology Taiwan (MOST) Yu-Han Tsou accompanied by a delegation of representatives from the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) and the National Applied Research Laboratories (NARLabs) to discuss the possibilities for developing bilateral cooperation between the two agencies.

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GACR signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Russian Foundation for Basic Research

On 14 May 2018, GACR President signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) in Moscow. As a result of this Memorandum, Czech scientists have the opportunity to expand their basic research activities abroad. The first call was announced this year and is based on bilateral cooperation with project duration of three years.

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